EEG neurofeedback, also known as neurofeedback or EEG biofeedback, is a technique that utilizes real-time electroencephalography (EEG) data to provide individuals with feedback about their brainwave activity. It is a form of biofeedback specifically focused on monitoring and influencing brain activity.

During an EEG neurofeedback session, electrodes are placed on the individual's scalp to measure their brainwave patterns. These electrodes pick up electrical signals generated by the brain, which are then amplified and analyzed by a computer or specialized equipment.

The EEG signals are processed in real time and translated into visual or auditory feedback that the individual can perceive. This feedback can be in the form of a sound and animations that changes in response to their brainwave activity. The feedback is designed to guide the individual toward desired brainwave patterns and help them learn to self-regulate their brain activity.

The underlying principle of EEG neurofeedback is that individuals can learn to modify their brainwave patterns through operant conditioning. By receiving immediate feedback about their brain activity, they can consciously or subconsciously make adjustments to achieve a desired brainwave state.

The specific brainwave frequencies targeted in neurofeedback training depend on the individual's goals and the condition being addressed. For example, neurofeedback has been used to treat various conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, epilepsy, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has also been explored as a tool for enhancing cognitive performance and promoting relaxation.

EEG neurofeedback is typically conducted under the guidance of a trained professional, such as a psychologist or neurofeedback practitioner. The training sessions are often conducted over multiple sessions, and progress is monitored over time to assess improvements in brainwave regulation and symptom reduction.